Discover Sanskritसंस्कृतम्

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1. 1. Alphabetवयं वर्णमालां पठामः
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   Read the vowel inside a consonantHow Devanagari worksRead IAST letter pairsRomanized SanskritVowelsLong vowelsRecognize the five basic vowelsBasic vowelsCombine similar vowelsShort and long vowelsVowel familiesBuild ए, ओ, ऐ and औCompound vowelsVelar lettersPalatal lettersRetroflex lettersDental lettersLabial lettersRead the five columns of a consonant rowConsonantsDistinguish similar written consonantsVowels and consonantsVowel signsKeep short and long vowel marks distinctVowel marksSigns and syllablesConnect vowels to semivowelsSemivowelsRecognize nasal shorthand and visargaanusvāra and visarga
2. 2. Conjunct lettersसंयुक्त-व्यञ्जनानि
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   Joining consonantsRead conjunctsBuild clustersSplit written partsRecognize complete consonant clustersConsonant clustersGroup a word into written syllablesSyllables
3. 3. Who is this?एषः कः? एषा का? एतत् किम्?
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   Naming, action and unchanging wordsThe Sanskrit languagePeople and thingsUse endings to identify a word's roleSentencesUnderstand an implied 'is' or 'has'Verbless sentencesMasculine wordsRead number and gender in nominal formsNominalsFeminine wordsNeuter wordsTwo of somethingMany of somethingChoose a demonstrative form by gendertad, etad, idam, and adas
4. 4. I and youअहं च त्वं च
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   My nameIntroduce yourselfYou and IOur professionsTwo of usAsk and answerConnect verb endings to the speakerVerbs
5. 5. Countingसङ्ख्यागणना ननु सरला
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   One to fiveRecognize numeral and text marksNumerals and punctuationSix to tenEleven to twentyCount togetherLet number words agree with their nounsNumber words
6. 6. My daily routineअहं प्रातः उत्तिष्ठामि
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   Morning actionsHoursHalf and quarterOrder my dayRead how an action is doneAdverbs
7. 7. We are a teamशूराः वयं धीराः वयम्
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   We togetherThey and weOur actionsDescribe a teamRead possession and recipient pronounsasmad and yuṣmad
8. 8. Colours around usसः एव महान् चित्रकारः
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   Name coloursNature coloursDescribe objectsColour detectiveMatch an adjective's gender, number and caseAgreement
9. 9. Welcome, guestsअतिथिदेवो भव
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   Here and thereConnect ideas with unchanging wordsUninflected wordsRecognize words that stay uninflectedTypes of uninflected wordsAbove and belowInside and outsideWelcome a visitorRead a quotation, comparison or contrastca, vā, and others
10. 10. Think cleverlyबुद्धिः सर्वार्थसाधिका
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    Actions nowOne actorTwo actorsMany actorsI and you actStory actionsAdd information to a basic actionSentence structure
11. 11. Riddles and belongingयः जानाति सः पण्डितः
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    Whose book?My and yourTwo ownersMany ownersSolve a clueChoose the question word for the missing detailQuestions
12. 12. At the marketत्वम् आपणं गच्छ
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    Go and bringPolite requestsShopping wordsChoose a quantityAsk for thingsA small conversationChoose a command for the intended personThe command mood
13. 13. Words of wisdomपृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि
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    Three treasuresWater and foodKind wordsLearning mattersOur wider familyReview agreement and a familiar prefixReview
14. 14. Effort and actionआलस्यं हि मनुष्याणां शरीरस्थो महान् रिपुः
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    Objects of actionsDistinguish dual and plural present endingsThe present tenseMasculine objectsFeminine objectsNeuter objectsTwo objectsMany objectsChange a verb's meaning with a prefixPrefixesRead the basic sense of a verb prefixThe upasarga
15. 15. My body helps meमाधवस्य प्रियम् अङ्गम्
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    Face and sensesHands and feetWhat helps me see?With which part?Working together
16. 16. Trees help usवृक्षाः सत्पुरुषाः इव
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    Gifts from treesShade and fruitTrees in actionHelpful sentencesRead and reflect
17. 17. Sounds and sandhiस्वरव्यञ्जनसन्धयः
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    Name the places used to classify soundsThe sound systemRead vowel length and nasal markingVowelsConnect consonant groups to their namesConsonantsRead nasal expansions and final visargaOther soundsKeep conventional spellings across regional stylesModern pronunciationJoin vowels across word boundariesSandhiTell between-word and within-word changes apartThe sandhi systemRead several vowel-sandhi patternsVowel sandhiChoose a visarga-sandhi resultvisarga sandhiAdjust a word-final consonantConsonant sandhi between wordsRecognize changes inside a derived wordConsonant sandhi within a word
18. 18. Cases and noun formsनामपदानां रूपाणि
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    Connect the eight cases to their usual rolesThe eight casesSeparate a stem's meaning from its endingThe nominal systemNotice repeated endings and use contextBasic nominal endingsRead useful masculine and neuter -a forms-a stemsCompare feminine instrumental forms-ā, -ī, and -ū stemsCompare short-i and short-u forms-i and -u stemsRecognize strong forms of ऋ stems-ṛ stemsRead familiar forms from rare stem families-ai, -o, and -au stemsRecognize consonant-stem changesConsonant stemsRead pronoun-like adjective endingsPronominal adjectives
19. 19. Verb patterns and possibilitiesक्रियापदानां रूपाणि
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    Compare four related tense-moodsSpecial tense-moodsRecognize the past augment and endingThe ordinary past tenseRead a potential actionThe potential moodRead another set of verb endingsātmanepadaRecognize four simple stem patternsThe bhū, div, tud, and cur classesCompare strong and weak verb stemsThe su, tan, and krī classesRecognize changing consonant stemsThe ad and rudh classesFind reduplication in familiar verbsThe hu classRead passive and impersonal expressionskarmaṇi and bhāve prayoga
20. 20. Time and derived verbsकालाः क्रियामूलानि च
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    Recognize a shared future pattern across classesOther tense-moodsRecognize future forms of common verbsThe simple future tenseCompare a past action with a conditional actionThe conditional moodRead the leader-style future formsThe distant future tenseRecognize perfect forms in narrativesThe distant past tenseRecognize aorist forms and a prohibitionThe recent past tenseRead a wish or blessingThe blessing moodRecognize making someone actCausal rootsRecognize wanting to do an actionDesiderative rootsTurn a naming word into an actionNominal rootsRecognize an intensive meaningIntensive roots
21. 21. Build new wordsउपसर्गाः प्रत्ययाः च
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    Read new meanings beside कृ and भूOther prefixesBuild a new stem with a suffixSuffixesDistinguish root suffixes from nominal suffixesThe suffix systemPut an earlier action before the main action-tvā and -yaRead a result and its performer-ta and -tavatRead the purpose 'to do something'-tumRead what should or can be done-tavya, -anīya, and -yaRead action-describing stems-at, -āna, and -vasName a doer, an action or a meansOther root suffixesCompare degree, state and materialNominal suffixes
22. 22. Discover compoundsसमासाः
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    Read a compound as a meaningful wholeCompoundsDistinguish four compound functionsThe compound systemRead a list and a collective compoundThe dvandvaRead how the first part modifies the lastThe tatpuruṣaDescribe the person beyond the compoundThe bahuvrīhiRead an unchanging compoundThe avyayībhāva
23. 23. Connect ideasवाक्यरचना
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    Distinguish question and relative pronounskim and yadConnect where/there and when/thenRelative phrasesRead one action alongside anotherParticiples
24. 24. Scripts and reference toolsलिपयः शब्दकोशः च
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    Match a historical shape to its modern letterOld DevanagariRecognize written Vedic letters and accent marksVedic DevanagariChoose a tool's purposeWhy use Sanskrit software?Match Latin input codes to Sanskrit lettersThe Harvard-Kyoto systemConvert a short phrase with tap choicesHow to type in SanskritFind the stem or root for a dictionaryHow to use a Sanskrit-English dictionaryConnect Sanskrit and English grammar labelsGrammatical Terms